Respirator



E. I. McKESSON. r

RESPIRATOR.

APPLICATION HLED MAR. XL l9l3.

Patented Nov. 4,1919.

4 aunts-sum x.

F [5. fl

WITNESSES: V

E. l. McKESSON;

RESPIRAIOR.

APPUCATION FILED UAR. n. Isis.

Patented N0v. 4, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 WI ZNESSES:

ITTGHIIEV PATENT OFFICE.

ELMER I. MOKESSON, OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

masrzmron.

Specification f Letters Patent.

Patented xov. i. 1919.

Application filed larch l'l', 1913. Belle! No. 754,682.

To all whom. it may com-em:

lie it known that I, Emu-2a I. Meh'sssox, a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, Lucas county, ()hio have invented 6 new and useful Respirators, m which the following is a sperification.

This invention'relates to the control and scale, of a reserve supply replenishing menus control;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation of the respirator with a face nozzle adapted thereto;

Fig. 5 is a fra 'nientary sectional view of a va )orizr and re rreathing reservoir:

' l ig. ii is an enlarged detail view in side elevation of the vaporizer control and filling memher or valve;

Fig. 7 is u sertion on the line VII-VII, Fig 6, showing in addition the ports with which the filling valve enacts;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the respirator:

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sertion on .the' line IXlX. Fig. 3, looking ill the tlll'ertion of the arrow;

i0 is a plan view of the proportioniug valve with the cheek plate'and sight removed;

Fig. 11 is a medial longitudinal section of the proportioning valve;

Fig. 22 is a detail view in side elevation of a cut oil' or Irv-passing valve; Fig, 13 is a fragmentary detail view of .the rasingwitlr the proportioning valve therein; and,l"ig. H is a general view. partially in seetion. diagraulmatir as to assembly. of the apparatus.

The respirator is provided with the standard l or mounting having the set screw 2 adjustable to lock the stem 3 in various telescoped positions for rarrying the main frame 4. This main frame 4 is provided with fluid supply re..ervoir carrying arms 5, 6. and addi io'lal similar-arms 7, 8, shown as adapted to ear" fluid supply reservoirs, or reserve fluid suppiy automatic replenishing means. These arms 5, 6, i', 8 (Fig. 8) are provided with head meiving recesses 9 and set screw,- to ngage heads disposed in such reeesses.

When'the respirator is used as a portabie apparatus, and say especially when used for surgical and l"$rlS(:li2iilOh work, or when it is desired to have asswed at all times an emergenq'v supply of nitrous oaid and ox3,'gen, or such fluids as may be used. the rompressed fluid drums or reservoirs l1 having heads 12 provided with controlling valves 13, may be locked by the set. screws 10 in the respective heads 5, ti.

i'lnrh of these arms 5, 6, 7, 8, is provided with a bushing H having a central duet l5 therethrough providing in its extent a seat for the plunger 16 normally held against said seat hy the spring 17. The travel of the plunger 16 is guided by the stem 18 con.- nected thereto. whirh stem is iu-iprcrahle in he lnlshing H The spring 11' is mounted nlmut this stem '1 Adj-wept the. stem 18 and through the portion of the hashing l4 servingas the stem guide are op nings 1!! in eommnniration with. the duet 20 (Figs. h). 'lhis'nun'hanisln isa cheek valve for earh arm allowing delivery of liuid under pressure into the reservifluid supply tlllt'ls 20 but effectually serving to prevent escape of lluid'through the arms 5, 6, T, 8. at. [hr recesses 9. should the pressure run low in the supply reservoir. or the supply be disconnet-ted.

These dllcts :20 lead to the cut off or by pass valves 21. (Figs, 9. 12). These valves 21 are provided with handles 22 To maintain the stems 21 snugly seated, the spring clips 23 are set .up by the screws 24. The r-urved passage in the valve 21 may register with the duct 20 and the duct 26 in connmmiration with the passage 27. This valve may nave a second connecting position by having its passage communicate the duct 20 with the passage 28, while at other positions it may effectively cut off duets '20,

The a ea 27 terminate in li or shouldei ed openin 29, 30, upon wliiiii are mounted the flex-ib e reservoirs or fluid tight rubber bags 31, 32, enveloped by the single or common covering or mesh 83. This net 33 serving as an envelop for the two reservoirs, eflectively equalizes the pressure of the fluid in the two reservoirs.

The fluid in the reservoirs 31, 32, may be replenished from the tanks 11, intermittently by adjusting the valves 13, or in continued use by delicately adjusting the'valves 13. Such operation requires careful-supervision. To avoid the concern and care of such manipulation, automatic replenishing mechanism may be used (Figs 1, 3, 4). Lever arms 34 are so disposed as to ooact with the bags or reservoirs 31, 32, to be actuated by the distension thereof said levers having their fulcra or ivot mountings 35 removably carried in t e hook brackets 36 of the rigid disk 37 mounted by the set screws 38 on the limo 39 of the head 40. The disk 87 is a guide for the plunger 41 most delicately controlled by the lever 34.- This plunger '41 seats against the air tight diaphragm 42, and an distension of the rcservoils 31, 32, rocks t e levers 34, to push the plungers 41 against the diaphragms 42, thereby causing the plungers 43 in the arms 39 to move their seats 44 to close the rt 45 from the reserve su ply duct 46, tiereby shutting oil the supp y of fluid to the passage 47 throu h the head 40, ducts,.15,,20, 25, 26, 27,, to t e replenished reservoir 31 or 32. when the direct fluid sup ly in the reservoir 31, or 32, falls so that t e lever 34 may move a little in taking up such decrease in distension, seat 44 is opened to automatically permit a replenishment of supply from any reserve source to which the duct 46 may be connected. There is accordingly insured uniform dircct fluid sup ily for even most extended operations wit out need of any attention whatever upon the part of the user of the respirator. There is economy in the use of the fluid at uniform pressure, as well as greatly increased safety for the patient, due to this automatic replenishing means.

The frame 4 carries the proportioning valve (Figs. 9, 10, 11). The proportioniug valve 48 has the ports 49 coacting with the direct fluid supply passages 27 in communication with lhc reservoirs 31, 32. By moving the handle 56 of the valve 48, the definitc proportions of the fluids to be mixed may lK' shown l| V the pointer 51 traveling along lhc percentage scales 52. The scales are imliculml as for nitrous oxid and oxygen with the pointer 51 (Fig. 8) at 56% of each. The gradualions are 5%. The indicated proportions arc will in this mechanism, for lln' cnvclop lil keeps the pressure of the di rect fluid supply reservoirs 31, 32 the same.

In thus keeping the pressures equal, the mesh bag 33 is a means determining the relative pressures asequal, and with such rcssures equal that the proportions as adusted are maintained.

In the manipulation of the proportioning valve 48, either reservoir 31, or 32, may be completely cut off. To preclude back ressure permitting any intermingling o the supplies in the reservoirs 31, 32, the chembers 53, 54, to which the ports 49 connect, have their common lane outlet poits 55 closed b the check va ve or disk plate member 56 t e travel limit of which in openipg may be adjusted by the set screw 57. As an indicating means permitting the operator to observe whether fluid supply is being taken b the )atient, the sight 58 ma be provide in cosing the'chamber 59 a ve the meinber 56, so that any movements of this member 56 may be plainly seen. This member 56 is a single element simultaneously closing both supplies against back pressure. The proportioning valve 48 is a single element simultaneously adjustingthe relative quantities of the supplies. onsiderable utility in practice res-u ts from this simple compact structure so susceptible of delicate regulation. This valve 48 has tapered friction seating engagement in therame 4.

The chamber 59 is in communication with the passages 28 leading to the delivery duct 60 in or upon which may be mounted the vaporizing and rchreathing reservoir, here an shown as a combined structure (Fig. 5).

o by-pass these devices, the handle 61 may be manipulated to cause the sleeve 61' to close the port 62, then with the valve member 63 ttflnlll to have its ports 64 out of registry with the ports 65, there is direct connection of the delivery duct 60 with the duct 67 leading to the patient.

In the use of the vaporizer, say for other or chloroform, or such substance as occasion may demand, the sleeve 61' may close the port 62 to cut out the rcbrcathing reservoir, or be open to permit the use of the re breathing reservoir. The fluid to be laden with vapor from the vaporizer, enters by way of the delivery duct 60, and with the member 63 rotated so that its central section 68 closes the straight passage of the duct 60, the ports 64 are in registry with the ports and the lillid is thus caused to pass through the chamber 6!) as indicated by the arrows (Fig. :1). The chamber 69 is closed by the sight plate of glass cover 70. The lower portion of the chamber 6!) contains pans or shelves 71 over which the liquid supplying the vapor may he distributed, the overflowing of which pans 71 pro vidcs a maxinuuu of cvaporalivc area. In charging the vaporizer, the cup mciubcr 63 may have its charging duct 72 with its outlet. port 73 register with the port 74 (Figs; 5, 7) of the ho sing 75. The port 74 leads into the chamber (39 above the pans 71. As a vent to allow escape of air or vapor to permit charging of thflclosed chamber 69, the duct 76 from oufiiltf'and through the member 63, extends to register with the port 77 communicating with the chamber 69 simultaneously with the registering of the ports 73, 74. With the vaporizer charged, a slight rotation of the member (33 closes the ports 74, 77, against escape of vapor from the vaporizer. The knurled heat ed member 63 carries the pointer 78 movable along the scale 79 to indicate filling position,

' and positions for full quantity of fluid to )ass through the vaporizer chan'iber (i9. lVith point 80 as the filling position, the graduations 81 indicate positions for allowmg less than the full quantity of fluid to pass through the vaporizer, thereby permitting such enrichment of the fluid with the vapor as may be desired.

In the. use of the rebreathihg bag or reservoir, fluid exhaled by the patient coming back through the duct 67, with the sleeve til disposed to place the port 62 open, the

check valve 536 In the pro iortioning valve to cutting off backward ow, this return lluid passes through the port- 62 into the passages 82. and into the chamber 84 having wummmieation through the openings 35 with the flexible reservoir or rebreathing bag proper so. Graduations 87 on the housing .73 for the vaporizer chamber 69 and chamber 84, are indications which may be follnwed in adjustment of the knurled ring a l'rirtionally held by the'packing 89 to vary the rrbreathing capacity of the apparah s. This ring H8 rarries the reservoir 86 on its connected bushing 90. Also connected in this bushing 90 of the ring 88, is the enrlop or not 91, serving to maintain the rubber bag 6 in shape when under pressure and protert weak spots therein. The reservoir R a-ing collapsible mo t readily, each inhalation of the patient primarily l'ereives its supply from this rrhrrathing reservoir ifi until the sin-lion on the delivery duct 60 ovt-rrmlms the very slight pressure of the disk 56 and draws gas from the reservoirs 31, 32. .M-rordingly the withdrawal of gas from the bags 2H. 32 is intermittent. being only as the dish 56 is raised by the inhalation of the patient. and even then the maximum flow isrestrirted by the adjusted position of the disk :76 the limit. of movement of which away from the two apertures 55 in the top of the plug propel-Honing valve 43 may be limited or controlled by the adjustment of the threaded member of screw :'|7 The flapping of this disk 56 is in 11+ sionse to the breathing of the patient.

1pm. inhalation. after taking the supply from the lebreathing bag 86, the disk 56 is lifted from its seat on the two apertures 55 and in its bodily movement tiniforndy awa therefrom upon-the screw 57, the adjustc proportion of the equal pressure gases flow,l. way of'duct (57 to the patient. Uponeit alatiou, the disk 56 seats at once, then the bag 86 fills, after which there is escape by way of the valve 103.

In the use of the respirator or gas administering, apparatus the duct 67 may be connected to a face nozzle 92 (Fig. 4) covering the nose and mouth. or a nasal nozzle 93 (Figs. 1, 2) may he used. In fact, the mechanism of the disclosure has a most wide range of utility. A field to which it is adapted with marked advantage is for analgesia, say in dentistry, when a nasal nozzle is used to leave the mouth accessible, the iatient breathing through the nose.

The'no'zzle 93 is shown as provided with the frame 94 having the bushing 95 therein carrying the loose disk 96 movable toward the flange 97 to close the opening through the bushing 95, and movable away from the flange J7 to open the. torts 98 adjacent the lower or upset. disk retaining rtion of the bushing. This disk or was 1er 96 fits hmscly in this cylindrical perforated portion of the bushing 95 and when resting against the flange 97 as forced thereagainst by air current, it is on its seat and closes this val re.- lhis check valve acts in conjunction with the adjustable its in the outer side of the bushing 95. he bushing 95 has the port 99 the o inning of which is adjustable by rotating t to cap 100 having a port movable thereby into and out of registry with the port. 99. When the port in the cap 100 Is adjusted out of registry with the port 99, the disk 96 is not moved by the breathin'g of the patient. The cap 100 may be held in adjusted positionliy the set screw 101.

The nozzle frame 94 is provided with an additional opening 102 normall closed by the disk I03 held in closed position by the spring 104-. The action of this spring 104 may be varied by rotation of the hollow screw 105. A seating of disk ](H to close this valve is similar to disk 96 to close the ports in bushing 95 The nozzle thus equipped permits, by adjustnu-nt of the port 99, a mixing of air with the lluid bring administenul. surh mixing being susreitihle of most delicate adjustment, tlu-rriy permitting upon inhalation only just suliiru-nt of the charging gas to be breathing reservoir 86. Adjustment of the capacity of the reservoir 86 may be to the lung capacity and exhaling volume of the patient, particularly as to the unchanged gas volume. When the rebreathing reservoir is charged, the check member 56, shutting ofl' further return through the delivery duct 60, pressure is established in the duct 67 to overcome the pressure against the check valve 104, and the used or chan ed portion of the exhalation may be allowe to escape. In the adjustments forthe rebreathing reservoir, it is sometimes desirable to ther in this reservoir 86 some of the caran dioxid or changed see of the exhalation as a diluent for urther modifying the intensity of the anesthetic or such treatment as may be being conducted.

In cases of emergency, or instances of resuscitation, the vaporizer, rebreathing reservoir, and nitrous oxid, may be cut out and oxygen only supplied from said reservoir 31, or by throwing the handle 22 of the emergency valve. 21, the supply under pressure may be furnished direct. The apparatus has great flexibility in its adaptations allowing the incorporation of the various elements to such degree as may be necessary, or the elimination for a short period, or entirely of various elements.

What is claimed and it is desired to secure by' Letters Patent is:

1. A respirator embodying a plurality of sources of fluid supply, suspended reservoirs supplied thereb means for maintainin the contents of sai reservoirs separate an the pressure of said contents equal, and a valve common to said reservoirs for controlling fluid flow therefrom.

2. A respirator embodying two suspended supply reservoirs for fluid, and means for maintaining the contents of said reservoirs independent of each other and'hqualizing the fluid pressure in said reservoirs,

3. A res irator embodying two flexible fluid supp y reservoirs, and means for equalizing the fluid pressure therein comprising a common extensible surrounding envelop for said reservoirs.

4. A respirator embodying suspended supply reservoirs for fluids, means for equalizing the pressure between said reservoirs and maintainin the contents separate, and a roportionmg valve for controlling fluid ow from said reservoirs.

5. A respirator embodying suspended supply reservoirs for fluid, extensible reservoir enveloping means for equalizing fluid pressure between said reservoirs and maintainin the contents of said reservoirs sefparate, an a common proportioning valve or controlling fluid flow from said reservoirs.

6. A respirator embodying fluid supply ducts, an adjustable tapered stopper valve member for simultaneously controlling said ducts, said member having therein adjacent outlets for said ducts, and a check valve for said outlets.

7. A respirator embodying a first fluid supply reservoir, a second reservoir supplied from said first reservoir, automatic means exterior of the second reservoir act-uable by the distention of the second reservoir for controlling the supply to said'second reservoir, and a chcc valve between the second reservoir and the automatic means.

8. A respirator embodying a direct fluid supply reservoir including a bag, a reserve fluid supply reservoir for the bag, automatic means against which the bag engages for controlling supply from the reserve reservoir to'the bag, and a check valve between the bag and the automatic means.

9. A respirator embodying a direct fluid supply flexible wall reservoir for fluid under pressure, a reserve fluid supply for "uid -under greater pressure, automatic means exterior of the direct fluid supply reservoir actuable b the distention of the direct fluid supp y reservoir for controlling the fluid to the direct supply reservoir from the reserve fluid supply, and a check valve between the flexible wall reservoir and the automatic means.

10. A respirator embodying a direct fluid supply reservoir including a collapsible bag, a reserve fluid supply reservoir, and pressure controlled means forced against said bag by pressure from said reserve reservoir to determine replenishing of said bag.

11. A respirator embodying a direct fluid supply reservoir comprising a bag having a collapsible envelop, a reserve fluid supply reservoir, and a valve having an arm enga ing said envelop to maintain the valve closer against the pressure of the reserve fluid supply reservoir.

12. A respirator embodying a direct su ply reservoir for fluid, a reserve supp y duct to supply said reservoir, a delivery duct supplied by said reservoir, and an emergency connection for simultaneously disconnecting ,the reserve supply duct from the direct supply reservoir and connecting the deliv -ery duct th the .reserve supply duct independently of the direct supply reservoir, said connection comprising a three way valve.

13. A respirator embodying a direct fluid supply reservoir, 11 delivery duct connected thereto, a supply duct connected thereto,

and a three way valve in the supply duct in communication with the delivery duct to disconnect the supply duct from the reservoir and directly connect the supply duct to the delivery duct independently of the reservoir.

14. A respirator embodying direct fluid supply reservoirs, a proportioning valve to fluid supply A reservoir carried by the vaporizer and which the reservoirs are connected, a reserve supply duct for one of said reservoirs, and emergency means for disconnecting the reservoir and connecting the reserve supply to said valve.

15. A respirator embodying a proportioning valve, ducts leading thereto, a direct reservoir for oneof said ducts, a reserve supply duct for said reservoir, and a cut-oil device for disconnecting said reservoir and connecting said reserve supply duct to the proportioning valve direct.

16. A respirator rovided with a delivery duct leading theret i'om, a breathing nozzle to which said duct is connected, a rcbreathing reservoir in said duct, and controllable means for by-passing the reservoir.

7. A respirator provided with a propor tioning valve, a delivery duct leading therefrom, a breathing nozzle to which said duct extends, a rcbreathing reservoir in said duct,

,and controllable means for by-passing the reservoir.

18. A respirator provided with a delive duct leading therefrom, an adjustable rebreathing reservoir mounted on said duct, and controllable means for by-passing the reservoir.

19. A respirator provided with a delivery duct leading therefrom, a rebreathing reservoir mounted on said duct, and controllable means for bypassing the reservoir.

20. A respirator provided with a return check supply valve, a support therefor, a breathing nozzle, a delivery duct leading from said valve to said nozzle and having said support, a vaporizer device on said duct, a rcbreathing reservoir device on said duct, one of said devices being carried by the rigid duct section, and means adjacent the vaporizer for disconnect inp the vaporizer from the duct.

21. A respirator provided with a supply valve, a breathing nozzle, a delivery duct for the nozzle having a rigid section extending from the valve, 21 support for the valve, :1 vaporizer and a rebreathing reservoir carried by said rigid duct section, and means adjacent the reservoir for disconnecting the reservoir.

22. A respirator provided With a supply valve, a breathing nozzle. a delivery duct from the valve to the nozzle, said duct having a rigid supporting section, a vaporizer carried by the rigid section, and a rebreathing reservoir carried by the vaporizer.

23. A respirator provided with a breathing nozzle, a delivery duct leading thereto, a controllable pressure gas supply reservoir for the duct, a support for the reservoir. a vaporizer connected to the duct in the extent'of the duct from the reservoir toward the nozzle, and an adjustable rebreathing connected to the duct adjacent the supply reservoir and remote from the nozzle, said duct having a flexible section betweenthe supply reservoir and the nozzle.

In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a supporting post, a valve casing surmounting the post and having gas inlet ports and unoutlct port, valve mechanism in said casing for governing the ports, a artition within said valve mechanism, a c eck valve resting on said partition, and a single manually operative means extending above the casing for operating the valve mechanism.

A res irator embodying a plurality of sources of fliiid supply, suspended reservoirs supplied thereby, means for maintaining the contents of said reservoirs separate and the pressure of said contents equal, and valve mechanism common to said reservoirs for controlling fluid flow therefrom.

26. A respirator embodying suspended supply reservoirs for fluid, means for equalizing the pressure between said: reservoirs and maintaining the contents separate, and proportioning valve mechanism for controlling fluid flow from said reservoirs.

27. In an anesthetic apparatus arranged to be equipped with a compressed supply passa a regulating valve there or, an expansi le gas bag, bag expansion vcrned means for controlling said valve, said means including a diaphragm isolating the valve, and bagactuated means exterior of the diaphragm for operating the valve through the diaphragm.

28. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a providing head one pair disposed at right angles to the other pair, an extensible reservoir carried by said head, a hollow plug valve for controlling 5 flow from the reservoir, and a cheek ve carried by said plug valve.

29. In an apparatus of the class describedthe combination of a head, a bag oonnecte to said head,a hollow plu valve for controlling gas flow from the ag, valve carried by said plug valve.

30. A gas administering device having a. chamber, two supply means for gases to said chamber, each includinga reserve supply duct, and a direct supply reservoir, port means fixing the proportion between the gases supplied to said chamber from said reservoirs, valves exterior of the reservoirs controlling gas flow from the reserve supply ducts to the direct supply reservoirs, and reservoir pressure control means for adjusting the valves to control the flow to the direct supply reservoirs while the port means maintains said fixed'p oportion.

31. A gas administeiing device hav' a chamber, two gas suply ducts to said chamnlnd a check her, a direct supply reservoir for each duct pressure regulating means exterior of sai reservoirs for controlling gas flow thereto, and flow controlling proportioning means for detorminin said supplies o gas delivery to said chamber and flow checking means in the chamber movable to intercept gas flow thereinto, said flow checking means being movable relatively to said flow controlling proportioning means.

32. A gas administering device comprising a source of nitrous oxid under pressure, a source of oxygen under pressure, a chamber, ducts forconducting saidtfiases independently from said sources to e chamber including flow controlling proportioning means for determin' a fixed proportion of as delive from sai sources to said chamr, contro means-m said ducts for sepaa fixed proportion between rately regulating the delivery pressures of 'the respective gases for flow to said chamber, and means for determining the equalization of the delivery pressures of said gases.

83. A gas administering device comprise ing a support, a first bag carried. by sai support, a duct arm extending from said support, a second bag on said duct arm connected by the duct of the arm to the first bag, and manually controllable means for rem dering the second bag a rebreathing bag by opening a passage to the. second bag rr n the duct and leaving the duct passage open past the second bag.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature 5 in the presence of two witnesses.

ELMER I. McKESSON. Witnesses:

Geo. E. KIRK, Gnaors J amason. 

